When the author, publication date or locator is unknown, take the steps outlined below. Pay attention to punctuation and the use of the ampersand (&) symbol.
The in-text citation changes slightly when a source has multiple authors or an organization as an author. Narrative citation: Smith (2020) notes that ….Parenthetical citation: According to new research … (Smith, 2020).Both types are generated automatically when citing a source with Scribbr’s APA Citation Generator.
The in-text citation can take two forms: parenthetical and narrative. If you’re citing a specific part of a source, you should also include a locator such as a page number or timestamp. You include them every time you quote or paraphrase someone else’s ideas or words to avoid plagiarism.Īn APA in-text citation consists of the author’s last name and the year of publication (also known as the author-date system). In-text citations are brief references in the running text that direct readers to the reference entry at the end of the paper.
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